Publications

CVE-2025-23016 - Exploiting the FastCGI library

23/04/2025 At the beginning of 2025, as part of our internal research, we discovered a vulnerability in the FastCGI lightweight web server development library. In this article, we'll take a look at the inner workings of the FastCGI protocol to understand how and in what context this vulnerability can be exploited. Finally, we'll see how to protect against it.

Exploiting Neverwinter Nights

10/03/2025 Back in 2024, we looked for vulnerabilities in Neverwinter Nights : Enhanced Edition as a side research project. We found and reported multiple vulnerabilities to the publisher Beamdog. In this article we will detail how we can chain two vulnerabilities to obtain a remote code execution in multiplayer mode.

Exploiting a Blind Format String Vulnerability in Modern Binaries: A Case Study from Pwn2Own Ireland 2024

30/10/2024 In October 2024, during the Pwn2Own event in Cork, Ireland, hackers attempted to exploit various hardware devices such as printers, routers, smartphones, home automation systems, NAS devices, security cameras, and more. This blog post highlights a challenging vulnerability that was patched just before the competition. Although it was fixed in time, it deserved more attention than simply being discarded.

Exploiting American Conquest

16/04/2024 Back in 2023, we looked for vulnerabilities in American Conquest as a side research project. We found and reported multiple stack buffer overflow. Despite the publisher will not fix the bugs because the game is too old, we share today the details of our research. This is an interesting article for those who want to get started in researching and exploiting vulnerabilities.

Exploring Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Attack Surface

08/01/2024 Back in 2021, we studied the attack surface of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive as a side research project. We found and reported a relative heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability triggerable remotely, impacting code that is no longer present with the release of Counter-Strike 2. In fact, no patch was released in the meantime despite multiple follow-ups. We share today the details of this bug and our research about the attack surface and generic exploitation primitives.

Leveraging Binary Ninja IL to Reverse a Custom ISA: Cracking the “Pot of Gold” 37C3

05/01/2024 This article explores the process of reversing a custom instruction set architecture (ISA) of the Pot of Gold CTF challenge (37C3 CTF) using Binary Ninja Intermediate Language (IL) to decompile the challenge code. Next, it describes the exploitation part, first getting code execution in the emulator, then pivoting to a second process and ultimately exploiting the opcode emulation to retrieve the flag.

Behind the Shield: Unmasking Scudo's Defenses

05/10/2023 When writing an exploit for a memory corruption vulnerability, knowing the heap allocator internals is often required to shape the heap as desired. Following our previous blogpost focusing on jemalloc (new), this article will dive into another one of Android libc allocators: Scudo.

Old bug, shallow bug: Exploiting Ubuntu at Pwn2Own Vancouver 2023

01/09/2023 At this year Pwn2Own Vancouver we demonstrated Local Escalation of Privilege (LPE) exploits for the three desktop operating systems present at the competition: Windows, MacOS and Linux (Ubuntu). This blogpost explores the Ubuntu entry exploiting CVE-2023-35001, a 9 year old vulnerability in the Linux Kernel.

Exploring Android Heap allocations in jemalloc 'new'

30/05/2023 When writing an exploit for a memory corruption vulnerability, knowing the heap allocator internals is often required to shape the heap as desired. This article will dive into one of Android libc allocators: jemalloc 'new' (jemalloc version 5 and superior). Whereas scudo is the latest allocator introduced in the platform, jemalloc 'new' is still very used today but not well documented.

The printer goes brrrrr, again!

12/05/2023 For the second time at Pwn2Own competition, network printers have been featured in Toronto 2022. The same brands were included this year as in Austin 2021: HP, Lexmark and Canon with equivalent model. Unlike the previous event, we only targeted the Lexmark and Canon but nevertheless manage to compromise both. Sadly, the bug we exploited for the Canon printer was previously used by another team in the competition. Anyway, this is how we achieved code execution on the Canon printer.